Entry-level qualifications in the USA require workers to have a High School Education or GED and some agencies require 1 year experience, and must pass a competency test. Competency implies the worker has knowledge of home and patient safety, ability to safely deliver personal care, proper use of assistive equipment (wheelchair, walker, cane, crutches, mechanical lifts, etc.), food preparation, care of the home, sanitary conditions, etc. Workers need to also display the ability to observe and report to the nurse any changes in the patient's overall condition. Many of the duties of home care workers involve good common sense also.
Often workers have had experience in a Nursing Home (institutional care) prior to being hired in a home care agency. Workers can take an examination to become a State tested Certified Nursing Assistant (CNA) and be included in a State Registry. Other requirements in the U.S.A. include a background check (police check with finger-printing), drug testing, general references and applicant interview. There is no specialization of workers for particular types of patients, but employees receive individual instruction (usually by the Registered Nurse) as needed for specialized patient care.
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